Lithium battery electric bicycle components

1. Charger

The charger is a device that supplements the battery with electrical energy, and is generally divided into two-stage charging mode and three-stage charging mode. Two-stage charging mode: first constant voltage charging, the charging current gradually decreases as the battery voltage rises, and when the battery power is replenished to a certain level, the battery voltage will rise to the charger's set value, and then it will be converted to trickle charging. Three-stage charging mode: at the beginning of charging, first charge with constant current and quickly replenish energy to the battery; after the battery voltage rises, switch to constant voltage charging. At this time, the battery energy is slowly replenished, and the battery voltage continues to rise; reaching the charger's termination voltage When the value is reached, switch to trickle charge to maintain the battery and supply the battery’s self-discharge current.

2. Battery

Batteries are on-board energy sources that provide energy for electric vehicles. Lithium battery electric vehicles use the latest lithium-ion batteries.

Tips for use: The main control board of the controller is the main circuit of the electric vehicle, which has a large working current and will emit large heat. Therefore, do not park the electric vehicle in the sun or expose it to rain for a long time to avoid malfunction of the controller.

3. Controller

The controller is a component that controls the speed of the motor, and is also the core of the electric vehicle's electrical system. It has undervoltage, current limiting or overcurrent protection functions. The intelligent controller also has a variety of riding modes and a self-checking function for the electrical components of the vehicle. The controller is the core component of electric vehicle energy management and various control signal processing.

4. Turn the handle and the brake handle

The handle, brake handle, etc. are the signal input components of the controller. The handle signal is the driving signal for the rotation of the electric vehicle motor. The brake handle signal is an electrical signal that the brake outputs to the controller from the internal electronic circuit when the electric vehicle brakes; after the controller receives this signal, it will cut off the power supply to the motor to realize the brake power-off function.

5. Assist sensor

The assist sensor is a device that detects the pedal force back to the pedal speed signal when the electric vehicle is in the assist state. According to the electric drive power, the controller can automatically match manpower and electric power, and jointly drive the electric vehicle to rotate.

6. Motor

The most important accessory of an electric bicycle is the motor. The motor of an electric bicycle basically determines the performance and grade of the bicycle. Most of the motors used in electric bicycles today are high-efficiency rare earth permanent magnet motors, which are mainly divided into high-speed brush + gear reduction motors, low-speed brush motors and low-speed brushless motors. At present, the high-speed brush + gear reduction motors have the best performance Good, the price is also expensive; low-speed brush motors are cheaper, but the performance is worse; brushless motors have very high requirements on the quality of the controller, and there are not many brands on the market. It is best for ordinary consumers to choose a brand when buying.

7. Lamps and meters

Lamps and meters are a combination of components that provide lighting and display the status of electric vehicles. The instrument generally provides battery voltage display, vehicle speed display, riding status display, lamp status display, etc. The intelligent instrument can also display the failure of various electrical components of the vehicle.

8. Common structure

Most electric bicycles use a hub-type motor to directly drive the front or rear wheels to rotate. These in-wheel motors are matched with wheels of different wheel diameters according to different output speeds to drive the entire vehicle at speeds of up to 20km/h. Although the shapes of these electric vehicles and the installation positions of the batteries are not the same, their driving and control principles have similarities. This type of electric bicycle is the mainstream of today's electric vehicle products.